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A**S
A Welcome Tonic
If there is one lesson we in the West seem to be forgetting, it’s that the path to participatory government was long, arduous and fortunate. If not for the efforts of many minds across cultures and centuries, the labor of generation after generation of educators and the blood of uncountable numbers of soldiers and activists, we could not enjoy our contemporary wealth and freedoms.This is all painstakingly analyzed in the Spirit of Democratic Capitalism. From intellectual forbearers like Locke and Aquinas, to expositors like Smith and Madison, to an analysis of the shared ethos for democratic capitalism to flourish—Michael Novak leaves few gaps in his analysis of the modern democratic state.What’s sad is that all of this is in the process of being forgotten; honored traditions lost by both the left and the right. Instead of uniting around a shared patrimony, we emphasize differences and neglect the effort that got us to where we are today.And so, while Michael Novak should be having a cultural moment, his work is itself relegated to dusty sections of rarely visited libraries. To read this magnum opus is to become aware of the story of liberal polities. It’s not the final narrative, but it is part of it—a part which is rapidly becoming unintelligible to generations raised in historical ignorance. Highly recommended as a tonic for much of today’s ills.
C**N
Totally aligned with my changing opinion on capitalism (esp. in the US)
I never read books on economics, but this seemed perfect for me as the author relates how the economic, political, and moral/cultural systems intertertwine, and check and balance each other. It definitely puts a Christian/ Jewish faith at the core of its values, but it does not overconcern itself with religion even though the author admits to this being his framework and most important part of his life. It is more about looking at capitalism in a new light, especially for those intellectuals who still look to socialism.It is an especially important book for me because I grew up despising the American culture, the consumer culture, and our imperialistic culture. There are still very real problems with our culture, but this is a great examination into the ideals we were built upon and why capitalism is the best system humans have been able to come up with to save us from ourselves.
M**D
Democratic capitalism as defined by Novak provides the best opportunities for societies to grow & the people w/in ...
A Must Read for anyone planning a career in the business or government community. Outstanding book to help modern society understand that Capitalism is not an "evil force of repression" but a valuable economic method of exchange. Democratic capitalism as defined by Novak provides the best opportunities for societies to grow & the people w/in those societies to flourish. Religion, charity, jobs, personal growth all advance due to economic democratic capitalism which provides opportunities for all people at different levels of education or skills, & provides those people the best chance of advancement & financial security.
E**R
Convertido en un clásico de la libertad
En esta obra de 1982, que leí en la app de Kindle, se convirtió en un clásico del género. A partir del descubrimiento de la posibilidad real de prosperar, un fenómeno nuevo notorio en el siglo 18, en partes de Europa y EEUU, el autor explica esa sorpresa describiendo a la sociedad en la que eso fue real. Una descripción organizada del arreglo económico, político y moral-cultural, que generó progreso, riqueza. La explicación de esa sociedad y las ideas que impiden crear riqueza forman el resto de libro. Una gran defensa de la libertad y muy recomendable.
M**C
America's Foundation Principal's
Nkvak brings together the basis of our society as envisioned by the Enlightenment and our founding fathers. The three legs of the stool being democracy, the free market, and Judaeo-Christian values. Although not a perfect system, he argues, it is by far the best man has ever devised for governing and improving himself. Novak lays out his premise and then, for the most part, does a good job of proving and defending it through empirical and philosophical evidence. Good read on America's foundation principals.
C**S
A paean to democratic capitalism from a man who wants to improve the lot of all
He doesn't just defend capitalism. He explains positively how it allows freedom for all to advance individually and "pari passu" collectively. He understands the charitable, as opposed to self-promoting electoral interest in "democratic socialism", but wisely explains how state control and planning of all aspects of life and the economy is really undemocratic, incompatible with individual freedom, and ultimately stifling innovation for and forward movement of the commonweal.
E**K
A Classic
A classic work. I suggest it is a companion piece with “ Doing Well and Doing Good” by Richard Neuhaus. Both books give a good explanation of how a person can be both a Capitalist and a Christian.
P**4
An interesting read
An interesting read, where Novak attempts to explain the social, political, and theological basis of Democratic Capitalism.
H**L
Der Geist des demokratischen Kapitalismus
Wer schreibt?Michael Novak (* 1933) ist ein katholischer Sozial- und Politphilosoph. Er wuchs in einer slowakischen Immigrationsfamilie in den USA auf. Sein Werk „The Spirit of Democratic Capitalism“ (1982) gilt als sein bedeutendstes Werk. Es schildert darin seine eigene Odyssee, die aus seinem stark sozialistisch geprägten theologischen Umfeld herausbrachte. Novak begann, den Sozialismus unter Anwendung realer Kriterien zu hinterfragen und wurde von der Kollision mit der ökonomischen und sozialen Wirklichkeit richtiggehend überwältigt. „The moment socialism allows itself to be judged by realistic criteria, it loses its cachet as a special form of idealism.” (198)Interessanterweise ist das Buch vor dem Zusammenbruch des sogenannten „Ostblocks“ geschrieben worden. Die vielen Zahlen, die in diesem Buch auftauchen, sind demnach nicht aktuell. Das Buch ist im Licht der Finanzkrise der letzten Jahre jedoch hochaktuell.Was ist die Absicht des Buches?Die Botschaft des Buches verbirgt sich bereits im Titel. Es geht um das Zusammengehen von einem Leben des Geistes mit Demokratie und Kapitalismus (14). Ausformuliert: Marktwirtschaft; eine Politik, die sich gegenüber den Rechten des Einzelnen auf Leben, Freiheit und das Verfolgen von Glück respektvoll verhält; einem System von kulturellen Institutionen, die durch die Ideale von Freiheit und Gerechtigkeit bewegt sind. Nochmals anders ausgedrückt: Eine demokratische Politik, eine Wirtschaft, die auf Märkten und Anreizen (incentives) basiert, und einem moralisch-kulturellen System, das von Pluralismus und Liberalismus im weitesten Sinn geprägt ist.Novak beklagt das Fehlen einer Theologie der Ökonomie, begleitet vom Voreingenommensein gegenüber dem Kapitalismus gerade von der eigenen Zunft der Theologen. „Mein Ziel besteht darin, das Schweigen zu brechen.“ (18) Die katholische Theologie sei durchzogen von einer distributiven Ethik und einem Schweigen zu den Fragen der Produktion (25). Das Werk will zudem einen Beitrag dazu leisten, gerade Klassiker wie Adam Smith (1723-1790) oder Max Weber (1864-1920) neu zu lesen (bzw. die gesamte Spannbreite ihres Werkes darzustellen).Wie ist das Buch aufgebaut?Novak versucht folgende These mit Material zu unterlegen: „Democratic capitalism is neither the Kingdom of God nor with out sin. Yet all other known systems of political economy are worse.” (28)Das Werk besteht aus drei klar umrissenen Teilen. Der erste Teil umreisst das Ideal des demokratischen Kapitalismus. Der zweite Teil setzt sich als Kontrapunkt mit dem „Zwielicht des Sozialismus“ auseinander. Im dritten Teil entwickelt Novak im Dialog mit Postulaten des religiösen Sozialismus aus katholischem und protestantischem Lager den Entwurf einer Theologie der Ökonomie.Welche wichtigen Argumente für den demokratischen Kapitalismus werden entwickelt?• Novak vermag hinreichend aufzuzeigen, welche Dynamik der Geist des demokratischen Kapitalismus nach sich zu ziehen vermochte. „The spirit of democratic capitalism is the spirit of development, risk, experiment, adventure.” (48) Sicherheitsdenken lähmt. “The impulse toward security is aversive to risk and creativity. At an extreme, it is an impulse aversive even to liberty.” (123)• Ebenso erklärt er die Notwendigkeit des Pluralismus: „It simply is not true that all right-thinking persons, in all conscience and with all goodwill, hold the same vision of the good and judge moral acts similarly. Pluralism in moral vision is real.“ (63)• Er führt glaubhaft die Gefahr der Tyrannei des Staates vor Augen. “What democratic capitalism fears is tyranny, most notably by the state, but also by excessive private power.” (84)• … und widerlegt die Ansicht, dass der Kapitalismus nur “egoistische” Auswüchse habe. „(D)emocratic capitalism is not a system of radical individualism (as is often alleged). Parties and factions loom large in it. Family is central to it. Structures, institutions, laws, and prescribed procedures are indispensable to its conception.” (91)• Ungleichheit gehört zu einer Gesellschaft. “In an advanced society, important inequalities of knowledge and technical understanding multiply. Every citizen is incompetent in many areas.” (106)• Jedes System braucht ein Korrektiv, das ausserhalb der Wirtschaft angesiedelt ist. “A commercial system needs taming and correction by a moral-cultural system independent of commerce. At critical points, it also requires taming and correction by the political system and the state.” (121)• Demokratischer Kapitalismus setzt viel Energie für Wohltätigkeit frei. „The middle-class ideal is communitarian. Its manifold activities, charities, and voluntary endeavors can be explained in no other way.” (155)• Der direkte Zusammenhang zwischen Selbstbeherrschung und Wohlfahrt eines Staatswesens. „Every prognosis based upon history would suggest that lack of self-government in the individual citizenry will lead to lack of restraint in the government of the republic.” (170)Wie hat die christliche Weltsicht den Blick auf die Ökonomie geschärft?• Das Bewusstsein des Schöpfungsmandats: „Creation left to itself is incomplete, and humans are called to be co-creators with God, bringing forth the potentialities the Creator has hidden.” (39)• Gottes Herrschaft der Geschichte: “If there is one God who shapes nature and history, then there ‘must’ be meaning, purpose, direction in history.” (49)• Die Notwendigkeit eines pluralistischen Systems: “For the full exercise of their humanity, being both finite and sinful, free persons require pluralist institutions.” (69)• Die Verankerung der Sünde im Menschen, nicht im System. “(Democratic capitalism) regards sin as rooted in the free personality, beyond the reach of any system. … For the Utopians, morality flows from structures and systems.” (82+86)• Die unterentwickelte geistliche Unterstützung für das moderne Leben: “Democratic capitalism suffers from the underdevelopment of guidance for a spiritual life appropriate to its highly developed political and economic life.” (140)• Der Stellenwert der Familie. “The family is the major carrier of culture, transmitting ancient values and lessons in ways that escape completely rational articulation, carrying forward motivations and standards of judgment and shaping the distribution of energy and emotion, preferences and inclinations. … The schemes of utopians customarily exclude the family, as they must, for the family is a most un-utopian institution.” (161+166)¨• Die moralische Kraft treibt das politische und ökonomische System: “(T)he moral-cultural system is the chief dynamic force behind the rise both of a democratic political system and of a liberal economic system.” (185)In seinem letzten Kapitel nennt Novak explizit als theologisches Fundament: Trinität, Inkarnation (Menschwerdung) Christi, Wettbewerb, Erbsünde, Gewaltentrennung und die Nächstenliebe (caritas).Welche Fragezeichen tauchten auf?• “Democratic capitalism is not a ‘free enterprise system’ alone. It cannot thrive apart from the moral culture that nourishes the virtues and values on which its existence depends. (56) Haben die letzten Jahrzehnte nicht gezeigt, dass sich der Kapitalismus von diesen Tugenden lossagen kann?• “The image of God underlying both the free market and the triune system of democratic capitalism is Phronimos, the practical provident intelligence embodied in singular agents in singular concrete situations.” (112) Ein Ringen um die beste Lösung ist tatsächlich oft mit Erfolg gekrönt. Die Grenze zum reinen Pragmatismus ist eng.• “… community, not of course in the nostalgic sense of Gemeinschaft, but at a new order of community, the community of free persons in voluntary association. (129) Novak preist die Vorzüge der unbegrenzten Mobilität. Spielt er die Schattenseiten nicht herunter?• Wo bleibt eine ausführliche biblisch-theologische Herleitung? „Some theologians may be dismayed that I do not more often cite Scripture in what follows.” (335)FazitNovak meint, dass die politische Ökonomie viel zu lange den Händen der Ökonomen ausgeliefert gewesen sei (93). Die Theologen hätten sich beispielsweise viel zu wenig mit der psychologischen Natur des Geldes auseinandergesetzt (100). Der Autor setzt sich ausführlich mit den Theologen auseinander, die sich im 20. Jahrhundert mit politischer Ökonomie beschäftigt haben. Moltmanns „Theologie der Hoffnung“ wie auch Reinhold Niebuhrs Positionswechsel gehören dazu. Von Moltmann schreibt Novak: „Moltmann portrays capitalism as though it were outside the law, destructive of true community, reducing all relations to impersonal monetary relations, inspiring wolflike animosity between man and man, mad and irrational in its pursuit of growth for the sake of growth and work for the sake of work.” (262) Dieser Grundton widerspiegelt meines Erachtens auch die salonfähige Mehrheitsmeinung unter den Evangelikalen. “Economics and commerce are excellent teachers of realism and limits, and often more so than religion and philosophy.” (264) Dieses Buch ist geeignet, diesen Blick auf die Wirklichkeit nicht zu verlieren.
S**Y
Novak's Best
This is arguably Michael Novak's best book. No wonder it was such an inspiration to those struggling to be free of communist oppression. It provides a theological foundation for democratic capitalism and demonstrates the way in which democratic capitalism, at its best, unleashes the very best of human impulses, not least human creativity and vision. It speaks a badly need word, not only to the self-righteous left, which still flounders and fails, but to the right which has lost its way.
A**R
Four Stars
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