Wonderful Life: The Burgess Shale and the Nature of History

In British Columbia, Canada paleontologist Charles D Walcott made the discovery of a lifetime. The year was 1909 and Walcott's field season was just winding down when he and his team began finding fossils in the Burgess Shale formation of the Rocky Mountains. Over the next 15 years Walcott collected thousands of strange and unusual fossils that he considered to be ancestral to all of our modern day phyla. In Wonderful Life, Stephen Jay Gould traces the history of this incredible find and comes to some controversial conclusions of his own. The book, published in 1989, was a best seller and won the Aventis prize for science books in 1991 and was a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize in that same year. Some of Gould's colleagues agreed with his conclusions, some did not. The resulting debates went on for years and, on some points, continues to this day. Although some of his original examples were later invalidated by newer research, his main theme is still a matter of some contention. Anyone who has read Gould's monthly essays in Natural History magazine knows that he is an accomplished writer for the interested layperson and Wonderful Life is no exception to that rule. Some 50 years after Walcott's time, in the late '60s a team of of modern scientist led by Harry Whittington did a extensive rework of Walcott's original study resulting in new insights on the biology of these long dead animals. Gould does a detailed accounting of the methodology and technics used in that study. Some of Whittington's findings agreed with Walcott's and some did not, but from this layman's point of view, it made for fascinating reading. A good part of the book addresses some long standing questions in paleontology. Multicellular animals make their first appearance in the fossil record with the Cambrian Explosion and with the Ediacara fauna. How did life get to that point? Did evolution proceed from a simple beginning that, over time, became more complex and diverse? Or did one-celled life first evolve, in a kind of explosion, into many varieties of multi-celled organisms, only a few of which survive today? Did Walcott "shoehorn" his fossils into modern phyla? Were some of the Burgess Shale animals just dead ends that were out competed in the race for survival? The answers to these questions depend on who is doing the analysis and who is doing the asking. In paleontology the study of fossils is like having an obscure, imperfect view of reality and it's only with time and further study that we can get closer to the truth. Wonderful Life is a great book that will give you one mans view on the nature of history and of life.LastRanger

Amazing.Such a fascinating subject and told in such a great way. A lot of wisdom about the scientific method, our place in the universe and great window into a primitive and mysterious world.That is pretty much it.I think the author pushes a bit on the notion of complete randomness in evolution at the very end of the book, walks a fine line and maybe crosses it at time when he argues that the animals consisting the extinct phylums appears very adapted to their environment. Truth is you can't know for sure how well their are adapted by just looking at their shape. Behavior (neural composition and connection in other words) and finer micro-biology are unknown so how can we know for sure.As for the argument that replaying the tape might yield other result, it is again not obvious. Assuming asteroids fall at the same moments and solar activity follows the same exact pattern, assuming all the atoms in the world have their electrons aligned with the same spin as they had in the first "play" from the moment the universe was created etc... wouldn't everything happen exactly in the same way? Like the laws of physics (would we be here to discuss why they are so fit to sustain our life if they were different and therefore unfit?), isn't the fact that evolution took the way it did a consequence of the creation of the universe and therefore a given thing considering we are here to discuss it?I guess the real ultimate answer lies in quantum physics. But I think the fight against the cone of increasing complexity that Mr Gould is pursuing and his theory of increased then reduced diversity is healthy and likely right and allows us to rethink our place in the world and some other concepts we were taught since childhood.

In Wonderful Life, paleontologist Stephen Jay Gould relates the impact of the scientific revision of the fossil specimens collected by Charles Walcott from the famous locality known as the Burgess Shale. The work describes how new discoveries from a reexamination of the specimens literally forced a re-vision of the way we look at the march of life. Gould exposes our preconceptions, describes how the Burgess fauna refutes them, and then offers alternatives to fill the holes those preconceptions left behind.After describing the history of the discovery and fauna of the Burgess Shale, Gould explains why it is revolutionary in science. He argues that the Burgess Shale shows the fallacy in our deeply-rooted paradigm regarding the march of life's progress from the few and simple to the diverse and complex. Rather than the disparity seen among modern life being the inevitable result of a few ancestral creatures, extant organisms are the leftovers from a much more diverse stock which has been whittled away by decimation. Life today is the result of a thousand "happy accidents" that were contingent upon luck as much as evolutionary fitness. Life as we know it did not have to be this way. "Wind back the tape of life, and let it play again. Would the replay ever yield anything like the history that we know?"Throughout the work, Gould is often repetitive and verbose in his narrative of the drama behind the Burgess revision and its implications on the interpretation of life history. The book hits a 20 page lull about ¾ of the way through where Gould explains the basis for Walcott's tenacious clinging to his interpretation of the Burgess fauna as ancestors of modern taxa. Despite this, his writing is studded with excellent thought-provoking statements, and the reading overall is very enjoyable. The book is an excellent invitation to examine your own thinking and evaluate the perceptions many of us carry. It encourages us to refrain from trying to shoehorn new discovery into a comfortable and understandable box, for "...conceptual blinders can preclude observation." It invites us to consider all life as wonderful and worthy of merit for the mere fact that it is still around in a tough Darwinian world. It asks us to ponder upon what might have been.This is a great book for anyone interested in early life and the evolution of its diversity.(All quotations from Wonderful Life: The Burgess Shale and the Nature of History, by Stephan Jay Gould, 1989)

This book is very detailed and informative (very thorough). It does have pictures (a few) but is written such that a young teen can enjoy it. The kid's feedback is that it is extremely interesting! A more obscure subject (interest peeked after a Nature of Things with David Suzuki episode) - it's been well received and enjoyed.

Magnífico libro

Assim como o título esse livro é maravilhoso! Gould escreve de forma poética sobre bichos incríveis e alucinantes que viverem num passado muito distante. Assim como os dinossauros esses animais já não existem no presente, surgiram muito antes dos dinossauros e são muito mais interessantes, apesar de se serem muito menos conhecidos. Recomendo esse livro para todos que tem curiosidade em conhecer um mundo totalmente diferente do que vivemos nos dias atuais. Essa história se passa na Terra mas ao ver as descrições dos animais desse livro vc vai achar que está lendo sobre animais de outro planeta. Boa leitura! A vida é maravilhosa !

Der Autor, vom Beruf Paläontologe und Evolutionsbiologe, hat sehr interessant die mühsamen Arbeiten an Fossilien von Lebewesen, die vor ca. 500 Millionen lebten, in seinem Buch beschrieben.

Un classico che ogni paleontologo dovrebbe avere nella sua libreria. Lo stile di Gould, come al solito, non delude, presentando teorie scientifiche e concetti complessi senza perder la leggerezza tipica di un libro divulgativo. Sebbene alcuni dei concetti esposti siano ad oggi stati aggiornati da studi scientifici più approfonditi, Wonderful Life rimane una delle più dettagliate raccolte di informazioni sulla straordinaria fauna cambriana degli Scisti di Burgess. Un argomento del genere, che potrebbe sembrare destinato a un pubblico di specialisti, in realtà ha un’importanza enorme dal punto di vista del significato che la fauna cambriana ha per tutta la storia successiva del regno animale. Uno dei concetti che Gould fa comprendere meglio è il fatto che mai prima e dopo, nella storia evolutiva dei phyla animali, ci sia stata una tale innovazione in termini di differenti tipologie di piani anatomici. Insomma, un libro da non perdere.